Thursday, October 10, 2019

Maxim and Causality

A Maxim is a special case of Prescriptive Reason, and its two-term structure that privileges the second term, i. e. Means-End, is not common to all cases.  For example, a recipe is often constituted by multiple steps, and even if it has a culminating step, the entire process is enjoyed without privileging the final step.  Indeed, instructions for a dance have no culminating moment.  So, in these cases, the Causality of the Prescription is not Teleological, thereby suggesting that, contrary to the standard interpretation, neither is the Causality of a Maxim. Instead, the general cases demonstrate that a Prescription functions as the Formal Cause of the enactment, unifying a sequence of motions. Furthermore, they demonstrate that it is not by the Teleological Causality of the final term that enactment is initiated.  Rather, it is by a second Causality that the process is mobilized, just as driving a car combines both accelerating and steering.  This second Causality has rarely been discerned, so has no traditional name, but it has been defined here as Material Causality, in distinction from the Aristotelian definition.  So, Rational behavior involves two Causes--Formal and Material--known to Kant as Legislative Will and Freedom of Choice, respectively.  But because he does not develop his concept of Acting on a Maxim methodically and meticulously, he does not know how they are systematically related, leaving them as loose ends in his doctrine.

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