Communication, Expressing, Meaning

Each of the following three are commonly accepted characterizations of someone's smile: 1. 'Happiness causes them to smile'; 2. 'The smile means that they are happy'; and 3. 'The smile expresses their happiness'.  Accordingly, 'H causes S', 'S means H', and 'S expresses H' are interchangeable in the context.  In contrast, Wittgenstein's equating of "expression" and "symbol", in #3.31 of the Tractatus, is unrelated to, and is perhaps abstracted from, the use of 'expresses' in the third formulation above, since a symbol is not an effect of its object.  Likewise, Meaning qua Expressing has no place in Fregean-Russellian Logicism, because in that respect, the 'meaning' of an utterance is some condition, e.g .volitional, of its utterer, whereas the concept of Language is abstracted from speech-acts.  In other words, Expressing is the most personal and least mediated semantical relation, i. e. is the variety of 'Meaning' that is most fundamental in Communication.