Friday, July 24, 2015

Labor and Property

In #55 and #56 of Philosophy of Right, as part of his study of Property, Hegel distinguishes two types of "taking possession of" an object: physically grasping it, and imposing form on it.  His primary basis of the distinction is that the former is contingent on spatial proximity, while the latter is not, i. e. that the latter is potentially more permanent than the former.  But, two more fundamental differences are 1. Physical grasping is a process of internalization, while imposing form is one of externalization; and 2. An object pre-exists the grasping, while it is only first created by the imposition of form.  Accordingly, form-imposition might be more accurately characterized as 'making', rather than 'taking', possession.  Now, among the examples of form-imposition that he presents are the extraction of raw materials, and agricultural procedures, or, in other words, Labor.  Thus, some rudiments of a Marxist critique of Capitalism are incipient in these brief passages: 1. Labor is prior to Exchange; 2. Exchange is inadequate to and incommensurate with Labor; 3. Property established by Labor is inalienable in Exchange; and 4. Labor is the origin of Property.  If Marx recognizes the potential significance of these passages, which are prefigured in Hegel's resolution to the Master-Slave Dialectic in the Phenomenology, he gives no explicit indication of it.

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