Saturday, March 16, 2019

Certainty, Eternal Recurrence, Value

Among the cardinal Philosophical values throughout history has been Certainty, or, equivalently, Necessity.  This value is not only an Epistemological and a Logical criterion, but a Moral one, as well, as is exemplified by Kant's Categorical Imperative.  Now, Certainty is not an explicit target of Nietzsche's 'Revaluation of All Values', but it seems to be an implicit one in images such as a dice-playing deity.  And, it may be the presumption of Certainty that is the specific object of the Dionysian mockery of the Moralist in The Gay Science.  However, Eternal Recurrence entails Necessity, so Zarathustra's affirmation of it can be interpreted as Nietzsche's acceptance of Fatalism that is merely a change of attitude from Schopenhauer's Pessimism.  But, on that basis, the Revaluation of All Values is ultimately just as inefficacious as what it replaces, though wittingly, and, hence, circumscribed by Irony.  In contrast, the clear repudiation of the primacy of Certainty by the Pragmatists means that the Moralist who offers the hypothetical recommendation to try A can be effective without being unwitting or disingenuous.  So, a similarly emphatic supplanting of Certainty by Nietzsche might have made his use of Eternal Recurrence less equivocal, his introduction of Will to Power more concrete, and his distancing from Schopenhauer sharper.

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