Tuesday, January 7, 2020

Stoicism and Homo Techne

According to one prevailing interpretation, the Ethics presents a Stoic doctrine, culminating in the overcoming of Fear of Death via the self-Intuition of Mind as an eternal Idea in God that survives the death of its Body.  On this account, Spinoza's heterodox Pantheism/Monist Naturalism/Mind-Body Parallelism becomes irrelevant.  Now, a very different doctrine begins with the modest Postulate "The human body can move external bodies, and arrange them in a variety of ways", that Spinoza leaves almost completely undeveloped.  He thus misses the variety of its consequences, notably that the human body can fashion tools to increase its capacity to move other bodies, can multiply and systematize such moves and arrangements, and can do so methodically.  In general--the Body has a perhaps infinite capacity to modify its surroundings.  Now, a Postulate is an Adequate Idea, so a Mind has Adequate Knowledge of this capacity of its Body.  Furthermore, entailed in the Knowledge of the capacity to move an external body is the Knowledge that the Body is stronger than the other in that respect.  It also follows that the Mind has Knowledge that modification of surroundings involves an exercise of strength greater than that involved in merely perceiving external forces or even detaching from them. Plus, Intuition can be defined as the awareness that the strength involved in such an exercise is that of the divine Substance that is immanent in every individual Body.  In other words, the Postulate grounds the development of a doctrine that surpasses Stoicism as a corrective to Emotional Bondage to stronger external influences, i. e. changing the world vs. merely detaching from it.  The aim of this doctrine is thus the post-Copernican cultivation of a new type of human--Homo Techne, a culmination that is as heterodox as the Pantheist/Monist Naturalism foundations of the Ethics.  Subsequent events, e. g. The Industrial Revolution, have proven that doctrine to be prescient, while some scholars continue to reduce the Ethics to a quirky version of Medieval Dualism.

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