Friday, January 31, 2020

Matter, Chemistry, Proximate Causality

As has been previously discussed, in Spinoza's example of Proximate Causality, Matter is not merely a shaped inert given, as it is for Aristotle, but is produced.  Now, only a divine power can create Matter, so such production of Matter by humans is recreated, or, in other words, consists in a transformation of Matter.  The process might involve Efficient Causality, and thus be subject to laws of Physics.  But the transformation of Matter is usually better known as a different Science--Chemistry.  Now Modern Physics is primarily a study of Locomotion, with Acceleration its fundamental unit, on the basis of which Force is defined.  Thus, insofar as Modern Chemistry has been conceived to be constituted by microscopic Locomotion, it can be classified as a branch of Modern Physics.  But with the unveiling of the subatomic stratum of Chemistry, it becomes increasingly susceptible to Quantum analysis, and, hence, independent of Physics.  Accordingly, it can be re-conceived as a study of phenomena in its own right, specifically of the transformation of Matter.  So, its antecedents include the extraction of metals from ores, distillation, and Alchemy.  But the significant leap forward begins with the works of Boyle, which appear before Newtonian Physics, and begin to mature with the development of the Periodical Table of Elements.  Still, regardless of the complexity, Chemistry is fundamentally the study of the transformation of Matter, which, within the scope of immediate proximity, can be conceived as the production of Matter.  So, Spinoza's concept of Proximate Cause modestly implies the independence of Chemistry from Physics.

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