Monday, February 25, 2019

Noumenon-Phenomenon, Volition-Cognition

Nietzsche, at least at the outset, adopts the Noumenon-Phenomenon dichotomy of Kant and Schopenhauer, joining the latter in applying it to the undermining of Modern Atomism.  In Birth of Tragedy, the Universal Will vs. Individual tension is interpreted as that of Dionysian vs. Apollinian, resolved in the Ego-shattering of ancient Tragedy.  Later, in Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Nietzsche replaces Will to Live with Will to Power, but his introduction of Zarathustra in Gay Science with "The tragedy begins" suggests that he has not also abandoned the Noumenon-Phenomenon distinction.  Still, that variability of type of Will suggests that a different underlying dichotomy might be at issue--Volition vs. Cognition--with Kant, Schopenhauer, and Nietzsche privileging various versions of the former, i. e. Rational Will, Will to Live, or Will to Power, respectively.  But, regardless of which of the pair is conceived as superior, the dichotomy is not unanimously recognized.  For Spinoza, notably, they are two facets of the same life-force, on the basis of which the otherwise generally accepted dualism is derivative--abstracted from actual experience.  Similarly, therefore, Noumenon and Phenomenon are originally two dimensions of one and the same ordinary experience, the sundering of which becoming a Philosophical issue that is thus only contingent.

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