Sunday, June 26, 2016
Pleasure Principle and Labor
Insofar as Eros is governed by the Pleasure principle, and Labor by the Reality principle, they are mutually antagonistic, a proposition that presupposes the antagonism of the two principles, a premise accepted by both Freud and Marcuse. However, the Pleasure principle, conceived as gratification-seeking, entails a distinction between gratification and the means to gratification. Furthermore, the means to gratification, even when simple and virtually immediate, is determined by some causal relation, e. g. even picking a piece of fruit off of a tree, as a means to satisfying hunger, thirst, or taste buds. Hence, internal to the Pleasure principle is a Reality principle that the external one presupposes. Likewise, insofar as Labor is defined as any effort to achieve gratification, e. g. reaching to a tree and picking off a piece of fruit, it, too, is presupposed by the Pleasure principle. Thus, if Marcuse has difficulty integrating Labor into a society governed by Eros, the root of the problem is his and Freud's concept of the Pleasure principle.
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