Monday, December 11, 2017
Method, Certainty, Infallibility
Certainty can be either Theoretical or Practical--the former is Necessity of Truth, while the latter is Infallibility. Thus, for example, a Proposition that is certain is necessarily true, while a Method that is certain is one in which success is guaranteed. Likewise, to doubt a Proposition is to consider that it might be false, while to doubt a Method is to consider that it might be unsuccessful. Now, a notable confusion of the two varieties is in a traditional argument against Skepticism--that applied to itself it cancels itself--the pioneering version of which is Descartes'. But Skepticism is in this case a Method for determining Theoretical Certainty. Hence, it is inapplicable to itself, which is why Descartes cannot doubt that he is doubting, and, thus the presumed contradiction--that he is both doubting and doubting that he is doubting--does not obtain. Likewise, because the negation of Practical Uncertainty is not Theoretical Certainty, as a Method of determining Theoretical Certainty, his Skepticism about Skepticism fails.
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