Thursday, November 14, 2013

The Liar Paradox

The so-called 'Liar Paradox' neither involves Lying nor is a Paradox.  Rather, its object is a nonsensical utterance that is the product of a faulty construction.  According to the standard account of it, it is the problem that the proposition "This sentence is false",, in violation of the principle that every well-formed Proposition has a unique truth-value, is either both true and false, or neither true nor false, depending on the formulation of the problem.  However, as has been previously argued here, a 'Lie' is an utterance that is a deliberate attempt to take advantage of an addressee, whereas it is difficult to conceive how anybody could be harmed by believing that that proposition is 'true'.  Furthermore, it is difficult to conceive of a situation in which the utterance of it is not anomalous.  In other words, the uncertain status of its truth-value is not paradoxical, but a symptom that it is mere Nonsense.  Now, that diagnosis can lead to the further analysis that the construction is, contrary to what is seemingly generally taken for granted, not well-formed, on the grounds that any use of 'this' presupposes the pre-existence of its referent, an impossibility in the case of self-reference.  However, insofar as the treatment of the problem abstracts the meaning of any Proposition from Purpose, as Russell and his followers do, it lacks an adequate definition of 'Lying', and, hence, lacks the capacity to distinguish Lying from Nonsense, thereby getting trapped in a True-False problematic, as most of the recent prominent literature on the topic seems to be.

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