Wednesday, January 20, 2016

Species-Principle and Individual-Principle

An conclusive objection to the thesis that all the activities of the members of a Species are determined by a Species-Principle, requires proof of the existence of an Individual-Principle in members that is demonstrably independent of Species-Being.  Now, probably the three most prominent Individual-Principles in Philosophy have been Cogito, Self-Preservation, and Freedom of Choice.  However, first, as Kant shows, Cogito is impersonal, so it connotes no independent Individual.  Second, just as the presence of a localized defense-mechanism, e. g. the blinking of an eye, does not imply the independent existence of the location, e. g. an eye, the instinct of a member of a species to survive can be a protective mechanism that originates in the Species.  Finally, the exercise of a Freedom of Choice would be independent of any Species-Principle only if it involved an escape from that Species, e. g. in the origination of a new Species.  But, even in that case, the exercise can still be determined by a Species-Principle, e. g. Evolution.  So, if there is a conclusive objection to the possibility that a Species-Principle determines all the activities of its members, it is unclear what it is.

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