Nature, Mode, Species

In Spinoza's system, the term 'state of nature' is empty, since everything is Nature in it.  But, regardless of that general context, his Political Philosophy is essentially Hobbesian, in which Modes cooperate with similar entities because to do so benefits the Self-Preservation of each.  In other words, any social solidarity is constructed, not given.  In contrast, the concept of Species-Being entails that of a subdivision of Nature that precedes any instantiation of Modes.  Correspondingly, that concept entails that of a Species-Principle which is, likewise, Species-Preservation.  So, Darwinism can be imbedded in Spinoza's system, with the implication that the Self-Preservation of a Mode, and whatever Political organization that would best promote it, is conditioned by the Survival instinct of the Species.