Thursday, June 2, 2016

Pleasure Principle and Death Drive

Freud moves 'beyond the Pleasure Principle' as follows: 1. The Id is governed by a Life-principle; 2. The Life-principle is the Pleasure-Principle; 3. Some behavior seems to seek suffering; 4. Therefore, in addition to a Life-principle, the Id is also governed by a Death Drive.  Now, the staunchest denier of the existence of a Death Drive, Spinoza, would likely reject #2, on the ground that Pleasure is not equivalent to the Life-principle, but is only a representation of it.  However, that still leaves #3 unchallenged, and, from the pursuit of Pain, #4 still follows.  In contrast, the stronger challenge to #2 is that Pleasure and Pain are not merely representations of obective conditions, but are signals that seek the continuation, or the discontinuation, respectively, of an objective condition, e. g. pain that signals that damage to one's hand will occur if one does not move it from a hot surface.  On that account, the seeking of Pain is the seeking of a stimulus, not the seeking of a deteriorating objective condition, and, hence, even if peculiar, is no evidence of a Death-drive.  So, #3 might lead Freud beyond the Pleasure Principle, but necessarily to a Death Drive.

No comments:

Post a Comment