Saturday, June 4, 2016

Ego, Pleasure, Happiness

According to Freud, the Ego functions to coordinate the Pleasure-seeking of the Id with external conditions.  It is, thus, governed by the Reality Principle, with deferral, e. g. sublimation, as its defining characteristic.  However, this model misses a vital function of those of Aristotle and Spinoza, thereby failing to recognize that the Ego is governed by a different principle.  For, in each of those, the equivalent of the Ego primarily seeks, independent of external influences, a harmonization of the manifold of drives of the organism, that can be called Happiness.  In other words, on this account, the Ego is governed by the Happiness Principle, while the Pleasure Principle governs specific Id drives, and, furthermore, the two can be in conflict, e. g. eating some spicy food can gratify the taste buds, but can cause thirst, and/or upset the stomach, thereby disrupting harmony.  The distinction entails that the Id is not unitary, as Freud generally holds, but a manifold, which may be one reason why he does not, or cannot, recognize that the Ego seeks a satisfaction that is different in kind from Pleasure.

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