Friday, January 11, 2013

Ultimate Purpose, History, Morality

Kant's system of Natural Teleology includes an historical dimension.  For, as he explains in #83 of the 3rd Critique, the achievement of the "Ultimate Purpose" of Nature--"Culture"--entails progress towards the "cosmopolitan" ideal that informs his earlier Idea for a Universal History.  Thus, various stages of social formation are preparatory to that ideal, and, hence, are eventually superseded.  Specifically, therefore, Kant's contemporary society is likewise transient.  Now, as is clear in the Groundwork, at least part of his Moral doctrine abstracts a formal structure from his contemporary society, independent of any derivation from Pure Practical Reason.  Furthermore, as has been frequently proposed here, his characterization of 'Happiness' as a 'Rational' Good is, at best, questionable, in which case, so, too, are his 'Highest Good', which entails that Happiness, and his 'God' the existence of which follows from that Highest Good.  Accordingly, those Goods of his doctrine seem to derive from the concept of his contemporary Morality, but not from Reason.  Thus, he does not consider the possibility that his Highest Good reflects a transient conventional Morality that is among the social formations that are superseded en route to the Ultimate Purpose.  Of course, Hegel and Marx are among those who do consider that possibility.

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