Thursday, July 12, 2012

Rectilinear Motion and Copernican Revolution

In the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science, Kant defines circular motion as a "continuous change of rectilinear motion", i. e. as derived from the latter.  In contrast, according to Aristotle, circular motion, as perfect, is more fundamental than rectilinear motion, which is imperfect.  Now, as has been previously discussed here, Ptolemaic Astronomy incorporates Aristotle's idealization of circular motion, i. e. in it, the revolving firmament is a divine realm.  Hence, pivotal to the Metaphysical and Theological implications of Kant's Copernican revolution, in which celestial circulation is relocated into the spectator, is his inversion of the established relation between circular motion and rectilinear motion.

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