Will, Teleology, Freedom

The effectiveness of Utilitarianism derives from the continued predominance of Teleology in Moral doctrines, and the Psychological models that they presuppose. The best evidence of that predominance is the pervasiveness of, as the standard focal problem of Morality, the coordination of the ends of subjects. That pervasiveness thus entails a concept of Subjectivity as constituted exclusively by the pursuit of ends. Hence, those doctrines ignore the volitional facet of Subjectivity, i. e. Will, the process of self-activation, which, as has been previously discussed, is independent of Purposiveness. Kant's Rational principle offers a brief glimpse of a non-teleological Moral doctrine, i. e. as the formulation of the cultivation of personal Freedom, before he eventually compromises it with concerns about Ends and Happiness. Similarly, the promotion of Creativity is another possible non-teleological Ethical program. Furthermore, insofar as the pursuit of ends compromises self-activation, anti-teleological arguments are part of the content of the promotion of Rationality, Freedom, Creativity, etc., and not merely an aspect of its validation.