Friday, May 24, 2013

Eternal Recurrence and Teleology

The original edition of The Gay Science, spanning #1 and #342, begins with a section titled "The teachers of the purpose of existence", and ends with, first, the introduction of the doctrine of Eternal Recurrence, and, then, under the heading "The tragedy begins", the introduction of Zarathustra.  Perhaps explaining that arc is an assertion from #33 of Human, All Too Human--"mankind as a whole has no goal"--a thesis that in #34, he classifies as both a "tragedy" and a "truth".  Now, since Eternal Recurrence entails no privileged moment, it precludes the possibility of a goal.  Accordingly, the heading at #342 of GS can be interpreted as previewing Zarathustra's wrestling with the affirmation of  the 'tragic' Eternal Recurrence, in contrast with which the teachers of the purpose of existence are the comic objects of the "laughter" expressed in #1 of GS.  However, that does not explain why, in the same breath, he characterizes those same teachers as "tragedians", nor why, in the Preface to GS, he suggests that "The parody begins" might be a suitable alternative heading for the previewing of Thus Spoke Zarathustra.  Furthermore, the primacy of Truth, advocated in #34 of HATH, seems to repudiate its status accorded in 'On Truth and Lie in an Extra-Moral Sense', plus it inverts the previously discussed relation of the Will to Power and Eternal Recurrence, i. e. the latter, as 'truthful', has become fundamental, with respect to which the former, and its Order of Rank, is a lapse into fiction.  Now, one solution to these glaring inconsistencies is to recast the Truth-Falsehood duality as 'more comprehensive vs. less comprehensive', in which case the doctrine of Eternal Recurrence is the 'most powerful' proposition.  So, the only source of confusion in the classification of Eternal Recurrence as an 'anti-Teleological doctrine', is Nietzsche's shifting use of the term 'tragedy', and, consequently, those of 'comedy' and 'parody'.

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