Heterocracy and Ignorance

As has been previously discussed, Knowledge and Power converge in Know-How.  Now, Know-How is lacking when a voter erroneously believes that a vote for some candidate is an effective Means to some End.  And, there are two main sources of that error, often found in combination: the candidate misrepresents themself, or the voter's familiarity with them is superficial, e. g. based on some demographic classification rather than on ideological orientation.  Thus, in ignorance, an apparent Democratic process can actually be Heterocratic.